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Testicular Cancer
Gynecological List
testicular cancer
Testicular Cancer
Testicular cancer is cancer of testicles.
Causes:
History of testicular cancer
Klinefelter syndrome
Abnormal testicle development
History of undescended testicle(s).
A family history of testicular cancer may also increase risk.
Is the most common form of cancer in men age 15 - 40.
There are two main types of testicular cancer: Seminomas and nonseminomas
Seminoma: The cancer is usually just in the testes.
Nonseminoma: Nonseminoma testicular cancers include:
Embryonal carcinoma
Teratoma
Yolk sac tumor
Choriocarcinoma (rare)
Symptoms:
Discomfort, pain, in the testicle or a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
Dull ache in the back or lower abdomen
Enlargement of a testicle or a change in the way it feels
Excess development of breast tissue (gynecomastia).Lump or swelling in either testicle.
Symptoms in other parts of the body, such as the lungs, abdomen, pelvis, or brain (if the cancer has spread)
Diagnosis:
A physical examination Other tests include:
Chest x-ray
Ultrasound of the scrotum
Abdominal CT scan
Blood tests for tumor markers: alpha fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotrophin (beta HCG), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)
Tissue biopsy done by removing the testicle with surgery.
Treatment:
Treatment depends on the:
Type of tumor
Stage of the tumor
Extent of the disease
Three types of treatment can be used:
Surgical treatment removes the testicle (orchiectomy) for both seminoma and nonseminomas.
Radiation therapy using high-dose x-rays is usually only used for treating seminomas.
Chemotherapy uses drugs have greatly improved survival for patients with both seminomas and nonseminomas.
Prevention:
Testicular self-examination (TSE) performed on a monthly basis.
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