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Ovarian Cancer
Gynecological List
Ovarian cancer
Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer is cancer that starts in the ovaries. Which are female reproductive organs that produce eggs.
Causes:
The main risk factors of ovarian cancer are:
Older age
Family history of ovarian, breast, or hereditary colorectal cancer
BRCA1 or BRCA2 genetic mutations
Obesity
Hormone replacement therapy use for 5 or more years
Not having had children
Preventive Factors for Ovarian Cancer:
Factors that reduce the risk of ovarian cancer include:
Taking birth control pills
Giving birth to at least one child
Tubal ligation (tying fallopian tubes) or hysterectomy (removal of uterus) after childbearing
Symptoms:
Unexplained back pain that worsens over time
Increased abdominal girth
Non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms:
ncreased urinary frequency or urgency
Excessive hair growth
Sense of pelvic heaviness
Vague lower abdominal discomfort
Vaginal bleeding
Weight gain or loss
Abnormal menstrual cycles
Diagnosis:
A physical examination Tests include:
CBC
Blood chemistry
CA125 – a tumor marker test
Alpha fetoprotein – a tumor marker test
Urinalysis
Ultrasound
Abdominal CT scan or MRI of abdomen
Treatment:
Surgery is the preferred treatment and is often needed to diagnose ovarian cancer. Surgery involves removal of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and the omentum (the fatty layer that covers organs in the abdomen).
Prognosis:
About 76% of women with ovarian cancer survive 1 year after diagnosis.
About 45% live longer than 5 years after diagnosis.
If diagnosis is made early in the disease and treatment is received before the cancer spreads outside the ovary, the 5-year survival rate is about 94%.
Possible Complications:
Spread of the cancer to other organs
Loss of organ function
Fluid in the abdomen (ascites)
Blockage of the intestines
When to Contact a us
If you are a woman over 40 years old who has not recently had a pelvic examination.
Routine pelvic examinations are recommended for all women over 20 years old.
Prevention:
Having regular pelvic examinations may decrease the overall risk.
Genetic Counseling and Screening for BRCA Genes – for high risk women
Removal of Ovaries (Oophorectomy) - Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is very effective in reducing risk for ovarian cancer in women who carry the BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation.
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