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Lung Cancer
General Surgical List
Lung Cancer
Lung Cancer
Lung Cancer:
Lung cancer is cancer that begins in the lungs
Two main types of lung cancer:
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer.
Small cell lung cancer makes up about 20% of all lung cancer cases.
If the cancer started somewhere else in the body and spread to the lungs, it is called metastatic cancer to the lung.
Causes:
Cigarette smoking
The more cigarettes you smoke per day and the earlier you started smoking, the greater your risk of lung cancer.
Secondhand smoke (breathing the smoke of others) increases your risk of lung cancer:
High levels of air pollution
High levels of arsenic in drinking water
Radon gas
Asbestos
Family history of lung cancer
Radiation therapy to the lungs
Exposure to cancer-causing chemicals such as uranium, beryllium, vinyl chloride, nickel chromates, coal products, mustard gas, chloromethyl ethers, gasoline, and diesel exhaust
Symptoms:
Cough that doesnt go away
Coughing up blood
Shortness of breath
Wheezing
Chest pain
Loss of appetite
Losing weight without trying
Fatigue
Weakness
Swallowing difficulty
Nail problems
Joint pain
Hoarseness or changing voice
Swelling of the face
Facial paralysis
Eyelid drooping
Bone pain or tenderness
Types of gallstones:
Cholesterol stones
Pigment stones
Mixed stones - the most common type. They are comprised of cholesterol and salts.
Exams and Tests:
Tests that may be performed include:
Chest x-ray
Sputum cytology test
Blood work
CT scan of the chest
MRI of the chest
Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
Bronchoscopy combined with biopsy
Pleural biopsy
CT scan directed needle biopsy
Mediastinoscopy with biopsy
Open lung biopsy
Treatment:
Treatment depends on the specific type of lung cancer. Each type is treated differently. Chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery may be needed.
Prevention:
If you smoke, quit.
Avoid second hand smoke.
Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables may help prevent some cases of lung cancer.
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