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Cervical Cancer
Gynecological List
Cervical Cancer
Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer is cancer that starts in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus.
HPV Vaccine:
Current immunization guidelines recommend
Routine vaccination for girls ages 11 - 12 years. The vaccine should be administered in 3 doses, with the second and third doses administered 2 and 6 months after the first dose.
Girls and women ages 13 - 26 who have not been previously immunized or who have not completed the full vaccine series should get vaccinated to catch up on missed doses
Women should not get the vaccine during pregnancy.
Causes:
Worldwide third most common type of cancer in women.
It starts as a pre-cancerous condition called dysplasia. This pre-cancerous condition can be detected by a Pap smear and is 100% treatable.
Almost all cervical cancers are caused by HPV (human papilloma virus). HPV is a common virus that is spread through sexual intercourse.
Multiple sexual partners
Sexual partners who have multiple partners or who participate in high-risk sexual activities
Women whose mothers took the drug DES (diethylstilbestrol) during pregnancy in the early 1960s to prevent miscarriage
Weakened immune system
Symptoms:
Continuous vaginal discharge, which may be pale, watery, pink, brown, bloody, or foul-smelling
Abnormal vaginal bleeding between periods, after intercourse, or after menopause
Periods become heavier and last longer than usual
Any bleeding after menopause
Loss of appetite
Weight loss
Fatigue
Pelvic pain
Back pain
Leg pain
Single swollen leg
Heavy bleeding from the vagina
Leaking of urine or feces from the vagina
Bone fractures
Symptoms:
Pap smears screen for pre-cancers and cancer. If abnormal changes are found, the cervix is usually examined under magnification. This is called colposcopy.
Endocervical curettage (ECC) to examine the opening of the cervix
Cone biopsy
If the woman is diagnosed with cervical cancer, following tests are done to see the spread of tumor
CT scan
Cystoscopy
MRI
Chest x-ray
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
Treatment:
Treatment of cervical cancer depends on the stage of the cancer, the size and shape of the tumor, the age and general health of the woman.
Types of surgery for early cervical cancer:
LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure) -- uses electricity to remove abnormal tissue
Cryotherapy -- freezes abnormal cells
Laser therapy -- uses light to burn abnormal tissue
Radical hysterectomy -removes the uterus and much of the surrounding tissues, including internal lymph nodes and upper part of the vagina. In the most extreme surgery, called a pelvic exenteration, all of the organs of the pelvis, including the bladder and rectum, are removed.
Radiation may be used to treat cancer that has spread beyond the pelvis, or cancer that has returned.
Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer.
Sometimes radiation and chemotherapy are used before or after surgery.
When to Contact us:
If you:
Are a sexually active woman who has not had a Pap smear in the past year
Are at least 20 years old and have never had a pelvic examination and Pap smear
Prevention
Vaccine appears to prevent early-stage cervical cancer and precancerous lesions.
Practicing safe sex (using condoms) also reduces your risk of HPV and other sexually-transmitted diseases.
Getting regular Pap smears can help detect pre-cancerous changes, which can be treated before they turn into cervical cancer.
Cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer so quit smoking.
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