Lung Cancer

Lung Cancer

Lung Cancer:

Lung cancer is cancer that begins in the lungs

Two main types of lung cancer:

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer.

Small cell lung cancer makes up about 20% of all lung cancer cases.

If the cancer started somewhere else in the body and spread to the lungs, it is called metastatic cancer to the lung.

Causes:

Cigarette smoking

The more cigarettes you smoke per day and the earlier you started smoking, the greater your risk of lung cancer.

Secondhand smoke (breathing the smoke of others) increases your risk of lung cancer:

High levels of air pollution

High levels of arsenic in drinking water

Radon gas

Asbestos

Family history of lung cancer

Radiation therapy to the lungs

Exposure to cancer-causing chemicals such as uranium, beryllium, vinyl chloride, nickel chromates, coal products, mustard gas, chloromethyl ethers, gasoline, and diesel exhaust

Symptoms:

Cough that doesnt go away

Coughing up blood

Shortness of breath

Wheezing

Chest pain

Loss of appetite

Losing weight without trying

Fatigue

Weakness

Swallowing difficulty

Nail problems

Joint pain

Hoarseness or changing voice

Swelling of the face

Facial paralysis

Eyelid drooping

Bone pain or tenderness

Types of gallstones:

Cholesterol stones

Pigment stones

Mixed stones - the most common type. They are comprised of cholesterol and salts.

Exams and Tests:

Tests that may be performed include:

Chest x-ray

Sputum cytology test

Blood work

CT scan of the chest

MRI of the chest

Positron emission tomography (PET) scan

Bronchoscopy combined with biopsy

Pleural biopsy

CT scan directed needle biopsy

Mediastinoscopy with biopsy

Open lung biopsy

Treatment:

Treatment depends on the specific type of lung cancer. Each type is treated differently. Chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery may be needed.

Prevention:

If you smoke, quit.

Avoid second hand smoke.

Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables may help prevent some cases of lung cancer.

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